Revista Horizontes es una revista editada por el Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física de la Universidad de Los Lagos, dirigida a investigadores y profesionales del campo de la educación o áreas relacionadas a las ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte. Tiene como objeto primordial colaborar en la difusión del aumento significativo en los resultados de investigaciones originales, estudios teóricos y técnicos, que se realizan en Chile y en el ámbito internacional sobre las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte.
Energy Expenditure and level of Physical Activity in Universities Academics and Employees
Physical activity in university workplaces is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and helping to treat chronic diseases. The objective was to determine the differences in energy expenditure, time dedicated to activities and level of physical activity among academics and employees of Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used in a sample of 30 academics and 40 employees aged 23-66. The T-student test for independent samples and the Spearman correlation with a significance of p<0.05 were applied with the SPSS 20 program. No significant differences were observed between students and staff in total energetic walking expenditure, moderate intensity activities (p>0.05), nor at the level of physical activity (p=0.89). The results of the study were not statistically significant. The latter is associated with energy expenditure at university (r=0.52, p<0.001). It is concluded that energy expenditure and the level of physical activity do not depend on being academic or official and it is suggested that occupational physical activity is promoted at university.
Effect of contextual interference in fundamental motor skills in Adults
The aim of this study was to analyze the contextual interference effect (CIE) on acquisition and transfer on fundamental motor skills (FMS) in adults. Seventeen men and women (M = 20.00 yr., SD = 2.09) were assessed in distance jump and overarm throw, at pretest and acquisition; and in strike for transfer test, using the Test of Fundamental Motor Skills for Adults. They were randomly assigned into two groups: blocked practice (BP) and random practice (RP). The training period lasted 1 session. A 2 (group) by 2 (measurement) analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated a significant interaction was found for jump (p = 0.019). No significant interaction was found in throw. Both groups increased performance on both skills in acquisition test. In acquisition, RP was significantly better than BP on jump. No difference was found between groups in throw. A t-Student showed that RP performed better, on strike, than BP in the transfer test (p = 0.029). CIE was found in the transfer test in adults. RP is recommended for motor learning of FMS in adults.
Effects of the Functional Exercise in the Physical Condition of the Institutionalized Major Adult
Objective: to evaluate the effect of functional exercise on the physical condition of the institutionalized older adult. Material and Methods: comparative and correlational single blind study. We studied 33 subjects from the city of Talca, average age 74 years (SD =+/-7). The experimental group performed functional exercises for 12 weeks and the control group continued with their usual routine. Anthropometric, physiological, functional and self-perception evaluations were carried out. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Catholic University of Maule. Shapiro-Wilk was used for the normality analysis of the data, anthropometric and physiological comparisons by means of t-test for independent samples, comparisons of the variation in the physical condition by means of ANOVA, correlations through Pearson and description of self-perception by means of table frequency. In all cases, a p <0.05 was adopted. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in the physical condition between control and experimental group (p <0.05). There were correlations between the components of the physical condition after exercise (p <0.05). After the exercise, 82% of the control group rated their physical condition as bad and 100% of the experimental group rated it as acceptable or good. Conclusion: it is concluded that functional exercises significantly improved the physical condition of the institutionalized older adult, significantly influenced the relationship of its functional components and their self-perception of well-being. These results suggest regular functional exercise as prevention to diminish the physical effects that the institutionalization of the older adult entails.
Dynamometry in 12 and 13 year old Children: Reference values and association with their Adipose Tissue
Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between adipose tissue and muscular strength in students of 12 and 13 years of age in a municipal school in Llanquihue. Material and Methods: The study was of a comparative descriptive type. 64 students participated, selected by a probabilistic method. The prehensile strength was determined by a standardized protocol using a hand dynamometer, and adipose tissue through electrical bioimpedance. Results: Force differences were found when comparing between sexes, not being significant. According to age, significant differences were observed (p = 0.020), only in the right hand. An inverse correlation was obtained between grip strength and adipose tissue in both hands in men and women. When analyzed by sex, there was an inverse correlation between grip strength and adipose tissue in both hands only among men. While in women the ratio was low (0.286) and moderate (0.353) in the left and right hand respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this research confirm that at an older age, prehensile strength is greater. Only a positive correlation is obtained in both hands only in women.
Physical education program for school children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities in a special school and workshop in the city of Osorno.
The study aim was to observe the behavioral change produced by a regular physical education program in a group of children. Most of them had mild to moderate intellectual disability, and one had Down’s Syndrome. They all attended a special school in the city of Osorno that included vocational rehabilitation. Five children with ages between 10 and 13 years-old. The physical education program implemented included twelve weeks of 60-minute sessions, twice a week. We used a) checklist: this instrument allowed the assessment of student’s performance in every lesson. b) observation log: where the most relevant aspects of each lesson were registered. c) interviews: each child gave their opinion about the physical education lessons. Results shown that children liked their physical education lessons, and they said they would like to have them again, since they were entertaining and they had positive feeling towards physical education activities. One of the most relevant points is that they feel that the lessons contributed to build respect among themselves.
Effect of the level of programmed physical activity in students between 14 and 17 years of age.
Currently children and adolescents have a low level of physical activity, which implies an increase in childhood overweight and obesity. To this phenomenon the World Health Organization (OMS) as a protective factor given diseases recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Our objective was to compare the level of physical activity scheduled between 2 groups, in variables nutritional status, muscular strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Máx). This was a quantitative and descriptive research. Twenty two males between 14-17 y separated into two groups, 11 active group (GA) and 11 inactive group (GI). Instruments: Questionnaire Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Corporal Mass Index (BMI), Standing Broad Jump Test and Test Course Navette. For statistical analysis was applied inferential descriptive, test of normality and after Anova factor. Significance value p < 0,05. Software SPSS 20.0. The BMI average GA (23,32 kg/m2) and GI (24,58 kg/m) were not significantly different (p=0,5), the SPJ average GA was 200 cm while GI 184 cm, this different is not significant (p=0,2), the VO2Máx average obtained for GA was 48,23 ml/kg/min while GI 30,97 ml/kg/min, this result establishes a high significant difference (p< 0,001) among groups. In conclusion, GA in all parameters has better results than GI, however only the VO2máx presents significant difference.
Criteria that guide the management for inclusion in physical activity and sports for children with aspergers in private sports institutions in the province of Concepción.
Currently, legislation and world organizations advocate for inclusion, based on this need the various organizations are concerned about developing strategies and action plans that allow the inclusion of the broad spectrum of special populations. The objective was to know the criteria of a management model of excellence that guide the management of Physical Activity and Sports for the inclusion of children with Asperger Syndrome in private sports institutions in the Province of Concepción. A questionnaire of 22 closed questions applied to sports managers of private sports institutions was used. The results indicate that accesses, signage and exclusive hygienic services are adequately developed, in addition to presenting high adherence to non-discrimination, there is interest in knowing the population with disabilities that each institution has, on the contrary, there is a low importance to the training of professionals to meet special educational needs, leadership, measurement of satisfaction of users with disabilities, development of corporate responsibility and linkage with the environment. It is concluded that there is no formal and systematic use of a management model; on the contrary, there are several criteria developed in a partial way.
Dermatoglyphics, maximal strength and ergometric performance in selected Chilean rowing athletes
The aim of this study was to describe correlate the dermatoglyphic characteristics, high strength and performance ergometer rowing Chilean selected. The sample was comprised of 16 men aged 20.37 ± 3,68 years, 74.71 ± 5.07 kg. Of dough and 179.35 ± 4.15 cms. height summoned to the Chilean national Rowing to participate in the South American championship Rowing 2013. To identify the dermatoglyphic characteristics, the dermatoglyphic method Cummins and Midlo (1961) was used to measure maximal strength test 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat and performance for the specific test ergometer test at the distance of 2,000 meters. The group presented a mean maximum force of 119.12 ± 22.07 kg raised in lower limbs and 89.62 ± 14.24 kg raised in upper limbs. In fingerprint designs, have an average of 14.4% for Arco, 68.8% in Presila, 16.9% whorl, 93 in SQTL and 10.6 in D10. Weather for 2000 mts. rowing ergometer was a mean of 388 ± 9.5 seconds. As for the correlational data, the group presented significant negative correlations between the ergometer time and raised in kilograms 1RM of -0.757 (upper extremities) and -0.637 (lower limbs), both with p <0.05. This study provides dermatoglyphic characteristics of rowers regarding national level, which could be useful in sports orientation, in addition to verifying the importance of maximum force on the ergometer and specific performance of competitive rowers.
Body composition assessment in quadriplegic athletes
The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition in athletes with spinal cord injury. Double indirect anthropometric measures were used. The sample was comprised of eight male athletes with spinal cord injury (age, 21 to 35 y). We calculated body mass index (BMI), body size of the framework (TAC) and sum of skinfolds (Σ9DC). We used descriptive statistics (software SPSS® 11.0). The average value of the group on the Σ9DC was 144.9±55.42. With respect to BMI, the average was 20.02±3.07 and that 65.5% of the individuals are within the ideal standards while 37.5% are below the ideal standard, and finally, the TAC, with an average of 1510.05±101.05. It was observed that anthropometric assessments, demonstrated to be effective for analyzing the aspects of quality of life, but the training, there are limitations.
Nível de estresse e ansiedade em adolescentes praticantes de voleibol recreativo-educacional e competitivo
Os elementos que compõem um cenário esportivo favorecem ou prejudicam o desempenho de um atleta, em alguns casos, suficientes para provocar emoções positivas ou negativas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar os níveis de estresse e ansiedade de adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos envolvidos em educação recreativa e voleibol competitivo.Um estudo explicativo descritivo, básico com métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Composto por 35 jogadores das equipes de voleibol do Projeto Social VivaVôlei e Lavras Tênis Clube (LTC), da cidade de Lavras/MG. Aplicou-se o Teste de Estresse Psicológico do Voleibol (TEP V) e a Escala de Traços de Ansiedade Competitiva. Processamento estatístico utilizando o programa estatístico R, teste do qui-quadrado, teste "U" de Mann-Whitney com intervalo de confiança de 95%, Alpha Cronbach e análise da média, mediana, desvio padrão, quartis e distribuições de valores. Os níveis de ansiedade foram homogêneos entre os sexos. O gênero do atleta não afeta a forma como ele expressa seu nível de ansiedade. Entre os estressores, os resultados sugerem que as atletas do sexo feminino são mais suscetíveis aos fatores emocionais, os atletas do sexo masculino geralmente percebem as situações estressantes como positivas ou irrelevantes para o seu desempenho. Por meio de cálculos estatísticos concluiu-se que não houve diferenças significativas entre as equipes VivaVôlei e LTC quanto à ansiedade, estresse e gênero do atleta. Percebe-se que os esportes presentes no estudo não são fatores mediadores dos problemas apresentados nesta amostra.es
Effectiveness of anaerobic threshold in different training methods and sports performance in young middle-distance and long-distance athletes. A systematic review
Measuring the anaerobic threshold as a reference parameter for respiratory capacity has been considered appropriate in the estimation of different intensity domains during exercise, used in the development of training programs and measurement of sports performance in middle-distance and long-distance athletes. Objective: To analyze and compare the effectiveness of the anaerobic threshold as a tool in the different training methods oriented to the sports performance training methods oriented to sports performance in young middle-distance and long-distance athletes. Material and Methods: A search was carried out in Dialnet, Ebscohost, PubMed and Scielo. The eligibility criteria were established based on the acronym PICOr: (P) Young athletes between 13 and 18 years of age, (I) Measurement of anaerobic threshold and relation to sports performance, (C) Field and laboratory tests, (O) Effect of (O) Effect of anaerobic threshold on training methods and sports performance. Results: 100 articles were identified, of which only 6 met the inclusion criteria. Concordance between field and laboratory tests was observed. Conclusion: The use of the anaerobic threshold is considered as a reference point to establish training intensities and improvements in sports performance in middle-distance and long-distance athletes.
Physical exercise protocols and their effect on the parameters that measure improvement in patients diagnosed with depression. Systematic review
Depression is a common mental disorder, it is estimated that it affects more than 350 million people in the world. Some studies have shown that individuals who are doing more physical activity would reduce the symptoms of depression. Objective: to determine which physical exercise methodology generates the greatest effects in adult patients with depressive disorders. Material and methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The eligibility criteria were established based on the PICO acronym of randomized and controlled studies published between 2010 and 2020: (P) adults between 18 and 64 years of age, (I) systematic physical exercise, (C) no physical activity and / or the combination with the use of drugs, (O) effects of systematic physical exercise on the parameters that measure depression. Results: 10242 articles were identified, of which only 16 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: It is not possible to ascertain which modality generates the greatest benefits in adult patients with depression. What is shown is that the aerobic exercise modality is the most studied and used. More comparative studies between the different exercise modalities are needed to be able to assess whether or not this difference exists.
Evidence for the effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on adipose tissue in overweight or obese subjects with or without comorbidities: A systematic review
High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a training that seems to have effects on the variance of adipose tissue through its protocols in overweight and obese adult population, but this variance is not entirely clear. Objective: to know the results are the effects of HIIT on adipose tissue in overweight or obese people with or without comorbidities. Material and method: Those articles that met the search phrase were considered, and only those that met the following inclusion criteria were selected: a) clinical trials or randomized controlled trial, b) studies conducted in overweight or obese adults, with or without comorbidities c) multilanguage studies, d) studies published between 2016 and 2021, f) articles classified in quartile 1, 2 or 3, e) articles where the intervention is applied to humans f) free access articles. Exclusion criteria: a) narrative reviews were systematic reviews or meta-analyzes, b) studies applied to children, adolescents and the elderly c) articles that are not indexed. The search for articles in the databases yielded a total of 2561 results (Pubmed = 48 and Science Direct = 2513) in a period of time from August to October 2021, articles were selected by title and / or Abstract, when applying the Inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 5 original articles were obtained. Result: the results show variance towards the decrease in adipose tissue, showing that HIIT is a favorable and applicable tool in the overweight and obese population. Conclusion: The information collected shows the enhancing effects of physical training and its favorable effects on the reduction of adipose tissue. Faced with this, HIIT is presented as a useful non-pharmacological and low-cost alternative, which, when applied, controlled and adapted correctly, amplifies its beneficial effects.
entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad
Physical exercise as a protective stress factor in primary and secondary education teachers: a systematic review
The teaching profession is characterized by high levels of work stress among teachers, where the main associated factors are low salary, low status of the profession, misconduct on the part of students and the working conditions of the profession. Method: This systematic review was based on the criteria of the PRISMA statement, following a strict search in PUBMED databases, identifying 18 articles to be analyzed. Conclusions: The teaching profession is among the professions or trades that present the highest levels of stress. Exercise programs serve as a protective factor analyzed from different sources, on the one hand, moderate and high intensity exercises and on the other hand yoga and meditation exercises would reduce stress levels. The methodological quality of the studies fluctuated between fair and good, finding no conclusive studies because 13 of the 18 articles based their research on surveys or questionnaires.
Effect of physical exercise and the memory in older adults with diagnosis of a neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review
Objective: to update the knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on the memory of older adults diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, and to analyze what type of physical exercise provides the greatest benefits in relation to the memory of these older people through a systematic review of scientific studies published in the last five years. Method: a literature search was carried out in 8 databases. The eligibility criteria were established based on the PICOS acronym: (P) older adult over 60 years old, (I) physical training protocol, (C) older adult control group, (O) quality of the protocols, (S) randomized controlled trials published between 2014 and 2019. Results: 261 articles were identified, only 9 of which met the inclusion criteria. The most effective interventions were those of a multicomponent nature. Conclusion: Exercise interventions do generate significant benefits in the memory of older adults with neurocognitive disorders from 24 months of intervention.
Impact on people’s physical activity levels as a consequence of the quarantine during the COVID–19 pandemic. A systematic review
The Coronavirus (COVID - 19) pandemic has caused quarantine and lockdown measures to be adopted worldwide. For this the objective is: Analyze the impact on the levels of physical activity (PA); mild (LPA), moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) as a consequence of the quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of eight articles were included for the method, extracted from the search engines PubMed, Web of Science and SciELO. that met the inclusion criteria made during the pre-quarantine (PQ) and during the quarantine (DQ) periods. And where the intervention of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was carried out. The main findings show a general decrease at all levels, but especially at MPA and VPA. the quick authors that this decrease is due to: social and cultural components; pathological and healthy lifestyle habits. In this way, it is concluded that quarantine and / or confinement measures negatively impact the health of most people, since their movement is limited to open spaces and recreation. The levels of MPA and VPA, when decreasing, generate a more depressed immune system and the general population is more prone to suffering from non-communicable diseases such as; metabolic syndrome. Finally, it is recommended regardless of the confinement situation to maintain or increase the levels of general PA, since it can be an important non-pharmacological tool to counteract this type of consequences.
Effects of physical activity and physical exercise, as a motor experience in children and Recibido: Enero, 2021 Aceptado: Mayo, 2021 Dirección para correspondencia: Carolina Soldan Solís Programa Magíster en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile c.soldansolis@gmail.com adolescents with autism spectrum disorder; a systematic review
Objective: To decide the effects produced by physical activity and physical exercise, whether in individual or collective practice, in children and teenagers with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods: The systematic review implied in a detailed analysis about scientific articles oriented in the investigation of the effects in children and teenager ASDs doing exercise. The research was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, academic google, and Ebsco, including articles of the last 10 years; the interventions had to involve the practice of physical exercise planned with specific objectives in children and teenagers ASDs, whether in individual or collective practices. Results: Effects were identified in three aspects; cognitive, communicational and motor skills. Observing improvements in socialization and stereotyped behavior, through the performance of planned recreational motor activities, with the presence of sensory stimulations, motivating an environment conducive to learning. Conclusion: Physical exercise had a direct positive effect on children and teenagers with autism spectrum disorder, evidencing improvements in quality of life and well-being, generating spaces for interrelations with people of the same age, environment, and family.
Effects of a high intensity interval training program on cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: A systematic review
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has known beneficial effects on the health of adults, but there is insufficient evidence on its effectiveness in adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the available evidence to determine the effects of HIIT training on cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Method: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were searched. The eligibility criteria were established based on the acronym PICOS: (P) adolescents mostly between 10 and 19 years old, (I) high intensity interval training protocol, (C) control group or other training protocol, (O) effect of high intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk factors, (S) any experimental study design, published from 2015 to September 2020 in English or Spanish. Results: 95 articles were identified, of which only 10 met the inclusion criteria. Improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors were observed.Conclusion: HIIT programs with multicomponent characteristics and with adequate nutritional control generate a decrease in cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents, from the fifth week.
Grip strength training in older adult women
Objective: To determine the effect of a 12-week strength and power training plan in older women and to compare the results obtained in the maximum isometric strength of hand flexors. Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental - descriptive - randomized study. The sample consisted of 28 women with an average age of 66.6 ± 8.44. The protocol for the determination of the physical performance characteristics were: maximum isometric strength of the right hand and maximum isometric strength of the left hand. The protocol for the anthropometric variables were age, weight, height and BMI. Statistical analysis: Standard statistical methods were used to calculate averages and standard deviations. Statistical significance will be accepted at p<0.05 for all analyses. All data were analyzed using the STATISTICA statistical package (Version 8.0, StatSoft, Inc, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA). Results: The results of the present study demonstrate that a 12-week physical training program applied to older menopausal women does not increase the maximal isometric strength of right or left hand flexors. Conclusion: We conclude that the 12-week strength and power training plan has no significant effect on maximal isometric strength.
Ideal treatment of insulin resistance and prediabetes; Metformin or exercise?
This literature review arises to know what the current perspective regarding the optimal treatment is on insulin resistance (IR), which is defined as a suboptimal reaction to this hormone, and prediabetes (preDT2) defined as impaired blood glucose level, known as the previous step for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) .Physical activity with the most widely used and studied drug of the market - Metformin- were compared. Data bases of similar items were checked in order to collect, summarize and present treatment options and results that different work groups have had; therefore, to know the best working and planning strategy and for this type of patients. As a result, changing lifestyles - mainly physical activity for over 150 minutes per week presents good results by reducing the transition from preDT2 to DT2, if it were exclusively compared to metformin. Exercising also reduces body weight, which is associated with a decrease of transition from preDT2 to DT2. On the other hand, combining both therapies, metformin and exercising, do not get statistically significant achievements if compared to single exercising. In addition, it is described that the use of metformin in prediabetic patients results in a statistically significant reduction over the oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate and duration of exercise.
Paralympic sport in the field of physical education: approach and extracurricular alternative.
The present study aims to investigate how the Paralympic Sport is discussed in the Physical Education courses, through the students vision on the practical experience of that content and its relevance in training, during a university Paralympic tournament between students of Physical Education. In the students opinion, the Paralympic Sport is a relevant content in their professional training and practical experience is an important part in their learning. It is expected that further research is conducted in order to characterize the approach of Paralympic Sport in Physical Education courses, from observing lessons or showing new extracurricular alternatives to complement the discussions held in the disciplines.
Postural balance of older women who practice swimming and older women who practice fun dance.
Physical exercise has shown positive effects on postural balance of the elderly. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of postural balance of elderly women that practice swimming and entertaining dance. Method: 50 elderly women were recruited, divided into 2 groups of 25 people (swimming with age 64.3 ± 2.7; weight 66.7 ± 13.1; height 1.56 ± 0.1 and entertaining dance with age 64.7 ± 3.3; weight 66.9 ± 13.1; height 1.56 ± 0.1). People were selected under a criterion non probabilistic for convenience. A non-experimental, descriptive comparative design was adopted. To analyze were consider the characteristics of postural balance of medium speed, area of shift, energy in terms of closed eyes and front view and also the Romberg index through posturography. Result: the result shown less value of medium speed, area and energy to the group of elderly, who attend to dance classes with significant differences. Conclusion: to conclude, elderly who practice entertaining dance shown better conditions than elderly who practice swimming, with no significant differences according to the values of Romberg.
Gross motor development in urban and rural schoolchildren
The research aimed; "Describe the differences between the level of gross motor development of schoolchildren in urban and rural areas. A quantitative approach was used, with descriptive scope with a non-experimental design transeccional court. The sample was not probabilistic judgment and made up a total of 32 schools (17 urban and 16 rural). These students were subjected to the test of gross motor development TGMD-2. In relation to these data argue that the bulk of the evaluated urban and rural areas of motor development are categorized in 93.7% and 94% respectively higher than expected and age categories, the fundamental difference is the total percentages obtained according to specific categories, gaining 6.25% urban population and 41.1% rural population over the age categories, superior and very superior. Depending on these results, it can be concluded that the level of expected and / or higher age for gross motor development is at best levels in rural population.
Effect of the mezieres method on trunk flexibility in fifth grade students of the Dario Salas school.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Mezieres method on flexibility trunk in students of public school in Talca, Chile. The sample consists of 26 students of whom 11 are women and 15 men, aged 10 to 11 years. These were subjected to an intervention of 12 sessions of Mezieres test method and the modified Wells and Dillon test. The data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation of flexibility measures, with significance values of the t test for paired samples of p = 0.05. The results showed that 64% increase trunk flexibility, a decreased of 12.5% and 23.7% did not suffer alterations. Therefore it concludes that the Mezieres method has a positive impact on the flexibility trunk of the subjects.
Prediction of sarcopenia by hand grip strength in older adults
Objective: To determine whether hand grip strength can be a predictor of sarcopenia in older adults. Methods: A literature search was performed in the PUBMED electronic database, including human clinical studies performed in the last 5 years. Results and Conclusion: Nine studies using hand grip strength for the detection of sarcopenia in older adults were included. Sarcopenia was found to be a multifactorial pathology, characterized by low strength (dynapenia) and skeletal muscle mass in those with sarcopenia. Hand grip strength has been shown to be a valid, reliable method with easy applicability to predict sarcopenia in older adults independent of lower limb muscle strength.
Stretch volume affects neuromuscular activity
The aim of the study was to verify the interference of stretching protocols on neuromuscular parameters. Materials and Methods: 15 healthy, physically active women participated in the study and were evaluated in the exercise of half squat, in the parameters: Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction (CVIM); Surface Electromyography (EMG) in the Vasto Medialis (VM), Vasto Lateralis (VF) and Rectus Femoris (RF) muscles, and the EMG/KGftotal ratio. The volunteers were subjected to a knee flexion stretch, and they were subjected to 4 stretching times of 0", 10", 30" and 60" seconds, respecting a randomization of the stretching times and an interval of 72 hours between each stretching time and the execution of the neuromuscular tests. The statistical analysis used the Shapiro Wilk test to verify the distribution of the sample and the Repeated Measures Anova to verify the behavior of the variables between the stretching stimuli. Results: It was not possible to identify significant differences in the CVIM between the support times. In the EMG variable, it was possible to identify significant differences in MV between SE and 30", and SE and 60", as well as 10" and 30". Conclusion: It can be concluded that the proposed stretching stimuli do not affect the neuromuscular parameters studied, but the stimuli in the 30 and 60 seconds seem to bring better results in strength. In the meantime, it is necessary to look for future proposals in which the stretching intensity is controlled, in order to know its effects on the neuromuscular quantifications.
Prediction equation for upper limb free weight exercise in active young people.
Introduction: In free weight training there are many methodologies to train, test to do such exercises or to know what weights to lift, but scarcely how to extrapolate weights from a primary exercise to secondary exercises. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction equation, using the Maximum Repetition (MR) of the Flat Bench Press (PBP) as a mechanism to determine the maximum weights of five other exercises in active young people. Method: A non-experimental transectional design with descriptive-correlational scope was carried out with a sample of 15 university students 23.4±2.23 years old, who have a degree of experience in exercises with free weights; this work was carried out in order to predict the maximum weights to lift in 5 upper limb exercises (chest pull-up, French press, biceps curl, forearm curl and military press) from one exercise, Flat Bench Press (PBP). The statistical analysis was developed through a descriptive study integrating statistics of central tendency and variance, then the inferential study began with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test which determined the use of a Pearson correlation test (r) to estimate the level of association and a simple linear regression to evaluate the level of prediction in the equations. Results: A correlation was found between the PBP exercise and the derived exercises, being reflected in 5 different equations, one for each exercise. Conclusion: A proposal was obtained to extrapolate loads from the PBP considering five upper limb strength exercises. This proposal facilitates in precision, time and practice the calculation of strength based on a PBP exercise that acts as a predictor for other secondary strength exercises.
Vertical jump force in the volleyball players according to the level
Introduction: In the team sports players must repeat sequences of explosive movements of short duration with this an important place during the course of the game. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the power strength Lower Limbs in the volleyball players according to the level. Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study. The sample is composed of 42 male volleyball players, with average values of Weight 81.73 + 9,54 (Kg), height 186.06 + 0.79(cm). The subjects carried out three types of vertical jump on the contact plataform, abalakov (ABK), Countermovement jump(CMJ) and Squat jump (SJ) without countermovement (SJ), to evaluate the power strength of the lower limbs. To the check significant differences between the groups in each one of the variables used one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test specificity (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences were found p<0.01 in the age, height, Index of elasticity and in the SJ. In the rest of the variables are not significant differences. Conclusion: The statistically significant differences were observed, favorable to the team from the University of Concepcion, in comparison on the selection adult and youth of Chile in the three vertical jumps. (SJ, CMJ, ABALAKOV).
Physical condition and anthropometric measurements of continental students: a comparison with island students from the Juan Fernández archipelago of the Valparaíso region, Chile
In 2010, in Chile the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) in conjunction with the National Sports Institute (IND) applied for the first time the quality measurement system (SIMCE), in Physical Education, which consists of measuring of the students' physical fitness, considering five aspects: anthropometry, aerobic power, muscular strength-endurance, elastic-reflex strength, and hamstring-lumbar movielasticity. Objective: To analyze the physical condition and anthropometric measurements of the students of municipal schools of the Valparaíso Commune and the Juan Fernández Archipelago, between the years 2015 and 2016. Method: Descriptive and comparative study developed under a quantitative paradigm. 71 students from Juan Fernández and 521 from the Valparaíso commune (245 men and 276 women) participated. Weight, height, waist circumference, 4 skinfolds were measured; Long jump on foot together, Flexo-Extensions of elbows in 30 seconds, Abdominal Dynamic Resistance Force in 1 minute and Hamstring-Lumbar Movielasticity and Aerobic Power. Results: The findings indicate that there is no significant difference (pâ‰¤0.05) in any of the measured variables, but when grouped in accumulated percentages by category, the measures favor the island students of Juan Fernández. The results allow to alert the authorities responsible for educational and health organizations in Chile to design and correct existing public policies with the purpose of helping to promote school health in Chile.
Cognitive Didactic in sports teaching game, perceptive aspects and Desicionales
The study has the purpose of designing and applying a didactic proposal for teaching sports games, based on the inclusion of perceptual and decisional aspects of the players, translated into sequences of individual tactical actions, in the defense and attack dimensions of the sports game. The methodology used considers two stages: first, an exposition and sanction of the individual-tactical sequences to an expert judgment. The second stage considered the experimental application of the sequences sanctioned in the previous stage, to a sample of athletes considered sports talents in the training stage (13-16 years), women and men, belonging to the disciplines of Soccer, Handball, and Hockey- roller skate. The results obtained show an increase in those game actions translated into an improvement of the game (anticipation, deterrence, efficient marking, efficient passing) in both dimensions (attack and defense), as well as a decrease in those actions of lower quality in the game (single pass, single dial).